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1. User (Owner)
Definition
The User, also called the Owner, is the person who created the file or the one who owns it.
Permissions in this section apply only to the owner of the file.
Example
Suppose Atul creates a file named
notes.txt.Loading...Since Atul created the file, Atul is the owner (User).
If the permission is:
Loading...Then Atul can:
- Read the file
- Edit (write to) the file
- Execute the file (if it's an executable/script)
Real-World Example
Imagine you wrote your personal diary.
Since it belongs to you, you can:
- Read it
- Add new pages
- Remove pages
- Do anything with it
You are the Owner (User).
2. Group
Definition
A Group is a collection of users.
Instead of giving permissions to every individual user, Linux allows you to assign permissions to a group.
Any user who belongs to that group receives the same permissions.
Example
Suppose there are three developers:
- Atul
- Rahul
- Priya
All three belong to the developers group.
Now Atul creates:
Loading...Owner:
Loading...Group:
Loading...Permission:
Loading...This means Rahul and Priya can:
- Read the file
- Execute the file
But they cannot modify it because there is no
w.Real-World Example
Imagine your college creates a WhatsApp group for your class.
Only students inside that group receive announcements.
Students outside the class group don't.
Similarly, Group permissions apply only to users who belong to that group.
3. Others
Definition
Others are all users who are:
- Not the owner of the file
- Not members of the file's group
These are everyone else on the Linux system.
Example
Suppose:
Owner:
Loading...Group:
Loading...Another user named Aman:
- is not Atul
- is not in the developers group
Therefore Aman belongs to Others.
Permission:
Loading...Aman can:
- Read the file
But cannot:
- Modify it
- Execute it
Real-World Example
Think of a notice board outside your college.
Anyone visiting the college can read the notice.
But visitors cannot change or remove the notice.
Visitors are like Others.