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1. ping — Test Connectivity
Loading...- Check whether a host is reachable.
- Shows latency and packet loss.
2. ip — Network Information
Show network interfaces:
Loading...Short form:
Loading...Show interfaces:
Loading...Show routing table:
Loading...Show default gateway:
Loading...3. ss — Connections & Listening Ports
Loading...Show processes using ports:
Loading...t→ TCP
u→ UDP
l→ Listening
n→ Numeric
p→ Process
ssis the modern replacement fornetstat.
4. netstat — Network Connections
Loading...Show processes:
Loading...5. curl — HTTP/API Requests
Loading...Headers only:
Loading...Download:
Loading...POST request:
Loading...6. wget — Download Files
Loading...7. hostname — Show Hostname
Loading...Show IP information:
Loading...8. nslookup — DNS Lookup
Loading...- Finds the IP address associated with a domain.
9. dig — Detailed DNS Lookup
Loading...Get only IP:
Loading...10. traceroute — Trace Network Path
Loading...- Shows the network hops between your machine and the destination.
If unavailable:
Loading...11. arp / ip neigh — View Local Network Neighbours
Modern command:
Loading...- Shows devices/neighbours known through the ARP/neighbor table.
12. nc (netcat) — Test Ports
Loading...Example:
Loading...- Useful for checking whether a specific port is reachable.
13. ssh — Connect to Remote Machine
Loading...Example:
Loading...14. scp — Copy Files Over SSH
Copy local → remote:
Loading...Copy remote → local:
Loading...15. hostnamectl — System/Hostname Information
Loading...16. whois — Domain Information
Loading...⭐ Most Important to Remember
Command | Purpose |
ping | Test connectivity |
ip a | View IP/network interfaces |
ip route | View routing table |
ss | View ports/connections |
netstat | Network connections/ports |
curl | HTTP/API requests |
wget | Download files |
nslookup | DNS lookup |
dig | Detailed DNS lookup |
traceroute | Trace network path |
nc | Test a port |
ssh | Remote login |
scp | Copy files over SSH |
hostname -I | Show local IP |
ip neigh | View local network neighbours |
For basic Linux/DevOps, the highest-priority ones are:
ip → ping → ss → curl → wget → nslookup/dig → traceroute → ssh → scp → nc.