Back to DevOps Series
Let’s learn DevOps:
Let’s learn DevOps:/
Linux Basics to Advanced for DevOps : (From Beginner to Automation)
Linux Basics to Advanced for DevOps : (From Beginner to Automation)/
Part 2 : Linux Basic Commands & File System
Part 2 : Linux Basic Commands & File System/
Some Advance Commands :

Some Advance Commands :

Module 1: Standard Input, Output, and Error

  1. Standard Input, Output, and Error
      • Standard Input (stdin)
      • Standard Output (stdout)
      • Standard Error (stderr)

Module 2: File Viewing Commands

1. head Command

Used to display first few lines of a file.
head filename.txt
  • Example: head data.txt
 

2. tail Command

Used to display last few lines of a file.
tail filename.txt
  • Example: tail log.txt

3. less Command

Used to read large files page by page.
less filename.txt
Controls:
  • Enter → next line
  • Space → next page
  • q → quit

Module 3: Redirection

1. Output Redirection (>)

Redirect output into a file.
ls > output.txt

2. Error Redirection (2>)

Redirect errors into a file.
Example: ls -z 2> e.txt
Explanation:
  • ls -z → invalid option generates error
  • 2> → redirects error
  • e.txt → stores error message

3. Append Output (>>)

echo "Hello" >> file.txt

Module 4: Pipe & Grep

1. Pipe (|)

Used to send output of one command to another command.
command1 | command2
Example:
ls | grep txt

2. grep Command

Used to search text/pattern.
grep "word" filename
Example: grep "hello" data.txt

Module 5: Arithmetic in Linux

Arithmetic Operations

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Module 6: File Information Commands

1. stat Command

Displays detailed file information.
stat filename
  • Shows:
    • File size
    • Permissions
    • Access time
    • Modify time
Example: stat data.txt

2. file Command

Identifies file type.
file filename
Example: file image.png

Module 7: Shell Operators

1. Subshell ()

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Runs commands in separate shell.

2. && Operator

Second command runs only if first command succeeds.
mkdir test && cd test

3. ; Operator

Runs commands one after another regardless of success.
pwd ; ls

4. || Operator

Second command runs only if first command fails.
mkdir test || echo "Failed"

Module 8: Dollar ($) Sign Usage

1. Variable Access

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2. Command Substitution

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3. Arithmetic

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Module 9: Remove (rm) Command

Important: Files deleted using rm do NOT go to recycle bin.

1. Remove Empty Directory

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2. Recursive Delete

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Deletes directory and all files inside it.

3. Delete Multiple Files

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Deletes files:
  • a
  • b
  • c