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Every program running on an operating system is provided with three standard streams for communication:
Here Stream is : A stream is simply a path (or channel) through which data moves to or from a program.
Link Below :
stdin→ The path through which a program receives input.
stdout→ The path through which a program sends normal output.
stderr→ The path through which a program sends error messages.
- Standard Input (
stdin)
- Standard Output (
stdout)
- Standard Error (
stderr)
1. Standard Input (stdin)
Definition
Standard Input (
stdin) is the default stream from which a program reads input.By default,
stdin is connected to the keyboard, but it can also be redirected to read from a file or another program.Example (C++)
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cin reads the value 25 from stdin.2. Standard Output (stdout)
Definition
Standard Output (
stdout) is the default stream used by a program to display its normal output.By default,
stdout is connected to the terminal (screen).Example (C++)
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cout writes the message to stdout.3. Standard Error (stderr)
Definition
Standard Error (
stderr) is the default stream used by a program to display error messages or diagnostic information.Although
stderr is also displayed on the terminal by default, it is separate from stdout. This separation allows errors to be handled independently from normal output.Example (C++)
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cerr writes the error message to stderr.Combined Example
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cinreads input from stdin.
coutdisplays normal messages through stdout.
cerrdisplays the error message through stderr.
Summary
Stream | Purpose | Default Device | C++ Object |
stdin | Reads input | Keyboard | cin |
stdout | Displays normal output | Terminal (Screen) | cout |
stderr | Displays error messages | Terminal (Screen) | cerr |
This is the standard definition and explanation you'll commonly find in operating systems and Linux documentation.